Passenger car equivalent (PCE) or passenger car unit (PCU) is a metric used in
transportation engineering
Transportation engineering or transport engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for th ...
, to assess
traffic-flow rate on a highway.
A passenger car equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car. For example, typical values of PCE (or PCU) are:
*private car (including taxis or pick-up) 1
*motorcycle 0.75
*bicycle 0.5
*horse-drawn vehicle 4
*bus, tractor, truck 3
Highway capacity is measured in PCE/hour daily
A common method used in the US is the density method. However, the PCU values derived from the density method are based on underlying homogeneous traffic concepts such as strict lane discipline, car following and a vehicle fleet that does not vary greatly in width.
On the other hand, highways in
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, carry heterogeneous traffic, where road space is shared among many traffic modes with different physical dimensions. Loose lane discipline prevails; car following is not the norm. This complicates computing of PCE.
Using multiple
heuristic
A heuristic (; ), or heuristic technique, is any approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, ...
techniques, transportation engineers convert a mixed traffic stream into a hypothetical passenger-car stream.
Methods
Many methods exist
[Transport for London http://content.tfl.gov.uk/traffic-modelling-guidelines.pdf] for determining passenger car units (PCUs)
examples:
* homogenization coefficient,
* semi-empirical method,
* Walker's method,
* headway method,
* multiple
linear regression
In statistics, linear regression is a linear approach for modelling the relationship between a scalar response and one or more explanatory variables (also known as dependent and independent variables). The case of one explanatory variable is call ...
method
* simulation method.
It may be appropriate to use different values for the same vehicle type according to circumstances. For example, in the UK in the 1960s and 1970s, bicycles were evaluated thus:
*on rural roads 0.5
*on urban roads 0.33
*on roundabouts 0.5
*at traffic lights 0.2.
References
Transportation engineering
Equivalent units
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